9
Alcohol and Hypertension
- Each additional drink above 1–2 per day sharply increases the risk of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and mortality (Gao et al., 2023; Piano et al., 2025).
- Adjusted models show alcohol users have 50–130% higher odds of hypertension compared to non-users (Singh et al., 2022).
- Alcohol prevalence in India (NFHS-5, 2019–2021): 17.5% of men and <2% of women (Rajpal et al., 2025); highest in Northeast India (>30–40%) (Rai & Bramhankar, 2021).
- Combination of alcohol, tobacco, and obesity leads to high PAR for hypertension (>50% in some regions) (Marbaniang et al., 2021).
- Binge drinking → hypertensive crises
- Uncontrolled BP leads to early illness, affecting work capacity and family stability