Tobacco Use and Diabetes

• Tobacco use, both smoked and smokeless, significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by 30–40%
• Causes insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, worsening glycemic control and accelerating vascular complications (Sakthisankaran et al., 2024; Marbaniang et al., 2021).
• Worsens glycaemic control and accelerates complications
• Smokers have a 30–40% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-smokers (Mishra et al., 2022).
• Poor glucose control worsens stress, irritability, and fatigue